The Legalization Of Marijuana for Medical Use Research Paper

The Legalization Of Marijuana for Medical Use - Research Paper Example Indeed, pot is demonstrated to improve craving and ease sickness in disease and AIDS patients. Numerous individuals use pot since they are experiencing sure illnesses that have tormented their lives. Obviously, pot gives alleviation from torment, nauseua, and different manifestations that can't be treated with customary strategies for medication. A few Americans demand that pot for hindrance purposes moreover. Besides, this medication has low reliance of compulsion and symptoms. Most cannabis clients additionally demand that they will in general create resilience to a considerable lot of the impact that this substance offers. Clients additionally disprove the way that this medication is more risky than liquor and tobacco. The second basic motivation behind why weed ought to be legitimized is the way that keeping up cannabis out of society is costly because of its illicit nature. Keeping pot unlawful is costly in light of the fact that it incites specialists to be in steady inquiry of subsidizing. In the United States, the legislature has gone on this bunch against â€Å"War on Drugs.† Currently, the US government goes through a robust measure of cash to pick people who are normal weed clients paying little heed to their need and need. These people get tossed in the detainment facilities regularly. Without a doubt, these equivalent assets can be allotted to seek after instruction, Medicare, government managed savings and national protection. In a perfect world where cannabis would be legitimate, the government would have the option to force burdens on it. Moreover, it would have additional income that it could allot for basic medication training program. It is apparent that there is no strong pr oof that restriction of the medication will compel society to decrease its utilization. Furthermore, pot is generally accessible in schools as sellers comprehend that no set age limit is sanctioned. Seen as the â€Å"forbidden fruit† by numerous adolescents, the medication keeps on drawing in understudies to ease their pressure. The

Leadership Speech :: essays research papers

Numerous individuals accept that authority is basically being the principal, greatest or generally ground-breaking. Initiative in associations has an alternate and increasingly important definition. A pioneer is somebody who sets course in an exertion or errand and impacts or rouses individuals to follow that heading. The force point introduction clarifies administration is the impact that specific people apply on the objective accomplishment of others in a hierarchical setting. At the point when some consider administration the possibility of the military is considered while others utilize the term to allude to official administration. These are barely any instances of various kinds of pioneers there are. There are likewise various jobs of initiative, for example, senior-level administrators and center supervisors. Roused pioneers who have magnetism and significant levels of passionate steadiness will be straightforward and have respectability in the way in which they lead. A successful pioneer must be regarded by the individuals from their gathering so as to perform adequately. Another part of initiative incorporates administration attributes, for example, being persuasive and moving. There likewise various settings of administration, e.g, driving oneself, driving others, driving gatherings, driving associations. A few qualities that are regularly connected with being a successful pioneer incorporate a proportion of knowledge, high vitality, fearlessness, predominance, and a requirement for accomplishment. A viable, magnetic pioneer must show others how its done. That pioneer must have the option to realize what is happening, the activity or undertaking that is being cultivated, and have the option to lead the gathering into playing out the main job effectively. There are a wide range of kinds of hypotheses on initiative. There is Fiedler’s possibility hypothesis, situational speculations of authority and House’s way objective hypothesis. These hypotheses are utilized to make an individual or director an increasingly powerful pioneer. They can be utilized as a guide for people and assist them with accomplishing whatever objective is set out by their association or gathering. Fiedler’s Theory is expressed in the force point introduction as the relationship between initiative direction and gathering viability is dependent upon how ideal the circumstance is for applying impact. On the off chance that there is some disaster which will come to pass for a gathering or set of people on the off chance that an errand isn't finished, at that point that gathering will be increasingly powerful as they are persuaded to finish that undertaking to turn away that specific fiasco. The Situational Theories of authority clarify how initiative style must be custom-made to the requests of the errand and the characteristics of subordinates.

Internet Censorship in China Essay Sample

Internet Censorship in China Essay Sample Called as “information superhighway,” the internet was invented to provide fact access to data to an average person. Initially, it was supposed that the access would be limitless. However, the information superhighway is subject to some restrictions regarding some topics disclosed or viewed on the internet. These restrictions are put in the form of internet censorship to prevent access to sensitive or harmful information like children’s exposure to unsuitable content, to protect copyright information, which may present interest for digital criminals, to promote specific agendas, ideas, or products, and to track social opinions and preferences about various aspects of life. In his effort to explain, why internet censorship is necessary, Cohen (1997) outlined a list of common concerns shared by countries when establishing control over internet information: To protect national security by limiting access to information about weapons, drugs, and terrorism; To protect minors by preventing their access to pornography, violent content, or unsuitable marketing; To promote basic rights and freedoms by banning the internet content inciting to any kinds of discrimination and oppression; To protect economic security from internet-based fraud; To protect information security from hackers; To guarantee privacy by protecting personalized data; To protect intellectual property by restricting unauthorized distribution of copyrighted data; To protect reputation from unlawful, malicious, or defaming advertising. As one may see, this broad scope of goals pursued by restricting access to information indicates that internet censorship serves parental, community, and state goals, yet it is closely affiliated with the government apparatus. By understanding the fact that internet censorship serves many parties, one may ask a question, how does internet censorship work? From the technological perspective, there is a range of specific software that operated to block or limit access to certain content or websites. The use of such censorship software is approved and authorized by corresponding government policies and regulations. Hence, governments play a vital role in determining the volume and tools of internet censorship. The issue of internet surveillance is heavily debated by those arguing for the need to control the internet content and their opponents claiming that censorship contrasts the very idea of internet as a free flow, access to, and exchange of information. Advocates for internet censorship dwell on the importance of protecting vulnerable populations like children and minors from unsuitable and harmful information as well as protecting intellectual and privacy rights to combat internet-based crime. These arguments for internet censorship have value for many internet users, especially parents and businessmen. Governments justify their control over the internet content by these national security, public security, and personal security reasons. Opponents of internet censorship, however, assert that governments exploit these arguments to restrict freedom of speech and the press, which violates the key principles of democracy. By means of internet censorship, governments exercise control of the population in terms of monitoring public preferences and restricting access to specific categories of information. In the United States, some opponents of internet censorship call it a violation of the 1st Amendment and a manifestation of the government’s dictatorship. Apart from the public disconnect, negative effects of internet censorship include substantial investment in censorship software and tracking, recording, and prosecuting procedures and reduction in innovation and progress, as free flow of information is the most powerful learning tool. China is one of the world’s leaders in censoring and surveilling the internet by establishing tough regulations for service providers to control and remove unsuitable content. The authoritarian ruling of the Chinese government enables maintaining control over the internet content, which is highly challenging because internet protocols have been designated to enable free flow of data. By pressing companies that provide internet services, China exercises control over the internet-based information by blacklisting websites with unsuitable content. Hence, the Chinese government restricts access to certain kinds of data to internet users through blocking DNSs of websites with unsuitable content or blacklisting their IPs. The government censorship of the internet includes regular scanning of message boards to detect banned phrases and enforce takedowns of particular posts by internet service providers. Such an authoritarian internet censorship fits the Chinese ideology and understanding of the government’s role. Indeed, the history of censorship in China takes its roots in the ideas of Confucius about the authority of the government. Confucius’s postulate that a government should be oppressive and fearful to be effective laid the ground for the cultural concept of governance and obedience. Thus, the traditional government’s authoritarianism has covered the internet as well. So, why does China block websites? There are three major reasons pursued by China in its internet censorship, such as competition, sensitive contents, and national security. By blocking foreign websites, China maintains competitive advantage of local service providers and manufacturers. Dedicated to preserving cultural values and traditions, China restricts the public’s exposure to western ideas, values, and social norms as well as access to unsuitable and harmful content. Finally, to protect sovereignty of the nation along with the Chinese ideology and culture, China practices a closed-door policy in terms of the internet content maintaining the government’s monopoly over internet services. Internet censorship in China pros and cons. The authoritarian internet-related policy of the Chinese government has its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, by censoring the internet, China protects children and other vulnerable populations from harmful content, removes information promoting racism and pornography, increases privacy, prevents piracy, and combats the internet crime. On the other hand, internet censorship in China violates the right to free expression and freedom of speech, limits disclosure of truth, narrows the public focus on local issues and products, and reduces public globalization. References Cohen, T. (1997). Censorship and the regulation of speech on the internet. Johannesburg, South Africa: Center for Applied Legal Studies.

How to Compare Hinduism and Buddhism within an Essay

In order to create the best quality Buddhism and Hinduism comparison essay, you have to first of all give preference to the right format for the comparison you’re going to make. By creating a solid outline for the essay and exerting every effort during the preceding brainstorm, you have an opportunity to amaze your college tutor and get an â€Å"A†. To be pretty simple, the comparison essay is based on stating differences and similarities of the subjects, in our case the thing is about two world religions – Hinduism and Buddhism. Start with building up a simple chart involving two columns, each labeled with the points you’re going to describe and compare. Make sure to include as many facts into each column as possible. For instance, first and foremost difference one can see in the practice and principles of Buddhism and Hinduism lies in the following – while Buddhism was founded by a real person (Buddha), Hinduism creation never involved any particular prophet. One more example. Make sure you state that Buddhism doesn’t believe in the soul’s existence as well as in the primary supernatural power, whom we tend to call God. To compare it with Hinduism, one should mention that the representatives of this religion believe in â€Å"Atman† – the Supreme Creator, as well as the individual soul. Following the method described above, compare every item with the subject placed in the opposite column. In case they have something in common, make sure to combine these points into a single section. For instance, both religions truly believe in the concepts of souls’ transmigration, karma and the cycle of many births and deaths for every human being. To add more, both of them promote non-violent attitude towards every living being. And finally, Buddhism as well as Hinduism believes in the existence of several heavens and hells and the life in the lower worlds. The list of similarities can be endless, just make sure to conduct a thorough research! Count the number of the items’ differences versus similarities in the created list when you’re done. Decide whether there are more differences/similarities. For example, the differences between Hinduism and Buddhism will be much more numerous, whereas the similarities are few and far between. Create your project on the basis of the research you have done. It is recommended to focus every paragraph on certain features of both religions. For example, the first paragraph may be written about their origins, then further supported by the basic beliefs Buddhism and Hinduism involve. An opening paragraph (introduction) is what you must start with. You might want to begin your essay with a hooking starting line, maybe some quote Buddha’s teachings, then move to clearly and simply explaining what you will compare within the project assigned to you. Make sure you say whether the similarities and differences between the two items compared within the essay are small or large (depending in what you’ve succeeded to learn in the process of research) in order to prepare your reader to the results of your work. Write the body of the paper consulting the outline you’ve created. Do not forget to place reasonable details and examples that back up your thoughts about both items. Conclude your essay when necessary and re-state the point you have put within the introductive section. All in all, you have to clearly say whether Hinduism and Buddhism are overall very different or pretty similar with some small differences.

Fully Understanding Market Demand And Supply Conditions Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3863 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? On 1st December 2008, Bursa Malaysia had replaced its existing trading system with a new trading system. The new trading system was known as Bursa Trade Securities (BTS) system. This new system has many advantages compare to the existing system. For investor, the Bursa Trade Securities system helps them fully understand the market demand and supply conditions. Investors can have strategic planning for their investment if they know the market demand and supply conditions very well. The calculated of Theoretical Opening Price was necessary for investors to be more understanding about the market demand and supply conditions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fully Understanding Market Demand And Supply Conditions Finance Essay" essay for you Create order As we know, there is two trading session per day at Bursa Malaysia. The two trading session are morning trading session and afternoon trading session. Each session consist of few periods. There are pre-opening phase, opening phase, continuous trading phase, pre closing phase, closing phase and trading at last phase. The Theoretical Opening Price was the price calculated at the pre-opening phase which will be used as the price of share that trade at the opening phase. It is calculated based on the buy and sell order which was keyed into the system during the pre-opening phase. Normally, investors are not allowed to view the Theoretical Opening Price via Bursa Trade Securities. Most of them have their own representatives called remisier or dealer. Remisier are those representatives who can help others to buy and sell stock in Bursa Malaysia. As a result, they can get commission from any transactions that have been making by them. Besides that, Remisier are also allowed to buy and sell stock on their own. Dealers also act as the representative of investors to buy and sell stock in Bursa Malaysia. The different between dealer and remisier are dealer cannot buy and sell stock for their own. They only can do the transactions for others under the stockbroking company. The commission they get from any transactions that have been making by them was shared by them and their stockbroking company. After the Bursa Malaysia establishes the new Bursa Trade Securities system, the price of share traded in opening phase was calculated during the pre-opening period. During the pre-opening period, the Bursa Trade Securities system will try to find the best opening price based on a set of algorithm. Once the Bursa Trade Securities system had decided the opening price, the price will automatically become the price of share traded in opening phase. Before the Bursa Trade Securities system was established, the opening price can be manipulated using the existing trading system. As a result, investors were difficult to predict or know the exactly share price that to be traded in opening phase based on the old trading system. This weaknesses make investors cannot fully understand the market demand and supply conditions and thus cannot have better strategic planning for their investment. 6.1.1.2 To gauge the price to be traded A new trading system known as Bursa Trade Securities system was established by Bursa Malaysia to replace its existing trading system on 1st December 2008. As we know, there are two trading session per day at Bursa Malaysia. The first session is morning trading session and the second session is afternoon trading session. Each session consist of 5 periods. The tables below are the example of morning trading session and afternoon trading session followed by its phases. Morning trading session Pre-Opening 8.30am to 9.00am Opening 9.00am Continuous Trading 9.00am to 12.15pm Pre Closing 12.15pm to 12.20pm Closing 12.20pm Trading at Last 12.20pm to 12.30pm Afternoon trading session Pre-Opening 2.00pm to 2.30pm Opening 2.30pm Continuous Trading 2.30pm to 4.45pm Pre Closing 4.45pm to 4.50pm Closing 4.50pm Trading at Last 4.50pm to 5.00pm From the above table, we can see that there are two pre-opening and pre-closing phase. The Bursa Trade Securities system will decide the best opening and closing price based on a set of algorithm during the two pre-opening and pre-closing phase. The matching order cannot be done during that two pre-opening and pre-closing phase. Every morning, before the opening phase started, the Bursa Malaysia will start to collect the buy and sell order which was keyed into the new Bursa Trading Securities system by the dealeracirc;s representative or remisier of investors to find the best opening price for the share to be traded at opening phase. This period is so called pre-opening phase which was start at 8.30am and end at 9.00am every morning. Another pre-opening phase will start at 2.00pm and end at 2.30pm every afternoon. The price that decided by the new Bursa Trade Securities system at this two pre-opening phase was known as Theoretical Opening Price (TOP). In conclusion, Bursa Trade Securities system helps investors to gauge the price to be traded at opening phase. As a result, they can have better strategic planning for their investment. 6.1.1.3 Improves order execution After the last familiarity testing for new trading system on 15 November 2008, Bursa Malaysia finally established its new trading system on 1st December 2008. The new trading system was known as Bursa Trade Securities system which was established to replace the existing trading system at Bursa Malaysia. The objective of establishment of new Bursa Trade Securities system was to improve Bursa Malaysiaacirc;s existing trading and matching system. To be more understand about the changes that Bursa Malaysia have been made towards its trading and matching system, we need to look at some of the function that operate by Bursa Malaysia exiting system and Bursa Trade Securities system. The difference between the existing trading system and Bursa Trade Securities system in terms of their functions were as follow: For existing system Order Matching The matching time for existing system was 10 second interval. Pre-opening Price Due to the lack of formula for calculate the pre-opening price in exiting system, the price of share to be traded at opening phase will be unpredictable or not transparent. Closing Price The closing price can be manipulated by the trader. Order Type There are two types of order under the existing trading system. One of the orders is market order. Market order is referring as the selling and buying of stock using the current market price. Another type of order is limit order. Limit order is refer as buying and selling of shares at specified price. Best Price The existing system will only show three best prices for buying and selling of orders. For Bursa Trading Securities system Order Matching The matching of orders for Bursa Trade Securities system was done in real time. Pre-opening Price Due to the available of formula for calculate the pre-opening price in Bursa Trade Securities system, the price of share to be traded at opening phase will be predictable or transparent. Closing Price The closing price under the Bursa Trade Securities system was predictable. It will be fixed at closing phase and used as the price of shares during the trading at last phase. Order Type Under the Bursa Trade Securities system, there are more types of order compare with the existing system which only has market order and limit order. Best Price The Bursa Trade Securities collect the buy and sell orders to find five best order prices. In conclusion, Bursa Trade Securities allow investors to match their order immediately as long as there is seller or buyer who meet the investorsacirc; required price. 6.1.1.4 More options to strategies The Bursa Trade Securities system also known as BTS was started to use by Bursa Malaysia as its new trading system on 1st December 2008. The objective of this Bursa Trade Securities system was to replace the existing system which has many weaknesses compare with BTS. Since the new Bursa Trade Securities system has more features than the existing trading system, investors can have more options to strategies. The following are a few features of Bursa Trade Securities: Theoretical Closing Price Generally, the Theoretical Closing Price was referring as the price of a share to be traded during the trading at last. It is calculated during the pre-closing or closing phase. Previously, when Bursa Malaysia was using the existing trading system, the closing price can be change whether high or low. For example, the investors can manipulate the price of share by keyed into the existing trading system the orders of buying and selling at the time just before the trading was closed by 5pm. This issue was known as window-dressing. After the established of Bursa Trade Securities system, the closing price was fixed during the closing phase. There will not be any changes to the price of share during this trading at last phase. This is due to the fixing of Theoretical Closing Price which is calculated during the pre-closing phase. As a result, investors will get the same price of shares as the closing price during the trading at last phase. Trading At Last As we can see, there is two trading session per day at Bursa Malaysia, each session has one trading at last phase. Therefore, there will be two trading at last phase at Bursa Malaysia. The trading at last in morning session is start from 12.20pm and end at 12.30pm whereas the trading at last in afternoon session was between 4.50pm to 5.00pm. During this 10 minutes trading at last phase in each session, investors are allow to close their positions. The matching of order will be done at a fixed price of shares which incurred during pre-closing phase. Continuous Trading As we know, the matching of order under Bursa Trade Securities system is in real time basis. Continuous trading under Bursa Trade Securities system allow trader to trade and match their orders faster. Five Best Price Limits Compare to the existing trading system which provides only three best prices, Bursa Trade Securities system provided five best prices for investors. Due to this five best price limits features, the picture of market depth will be more obvious thus easy for investors to manage their trading decision. Odd Lots Settlement The Bursa Trade Securities system allows investors to do partial matching for odd lots based on price time priority. In conclusion, Bursa Trade Securities consist of more features which enhance the efficiency of trading process compare to the existing trading system. Thus, investors can have more options to strategies based on the information provided by the system. 6.1.1.5 Avails investors to the prospect of better price options Due to the inefficient of existing trading system in control the process of trading, Bursa Malaysia was decided to replace it with a new trading system called Bursa Trade Securities system. The implementation of this Bursa Trade Securities system will enhance the efficiency of the trading process and also benefits the investors. One of the advantages of Bursa Trade Securities system to investors is avails investors to the prospect of better price options. The below table shows the difference regarding price of shares between the existing trading system and the Bursa Trade Securities system: Existing Trading System Bursa Trade Securities System Three best price. Five best price. Unpredictable of opening price. Theoretical Opening Price. Closing price can be manipulated. Theoretical Closing Price fixed at pre-closing phase. As we can see from the above table, the existing trading system only has three best prices ranking. Investors have fewer options about the prices of shares under the existing trading system. This makes them difficult to manage their trading decisions. However, the implementation of Bursa Trade Securities system has eliminated the problem of the exiting trading system. Bursa Trade Securities system has five best prices ranking, compare with existing trading system, it has two best price ranking. This allows the investors to be easier to manage their trading decisions. Besides that, the opening price under existing trading system cannot be predicted or not transparent before the opening phase. Investors can only know the opening price when the market was open for the orders to trade in the two opening phase of each trading session which is 9.00am in morning session and 2.30pm in afternoon session. As a result, trader cannot plan for their investment earlier. In contrast, Bursa Trade Securities system allows the investors to view the opening price before the market was open for the orders to trade. The opening price was known as Theoretical Opening Price. It can be view during the two pre-opening phase of each session which is 8.30am to 9.00am in morning session and 2.00pm to 2.30pm in afternoon session. Therefore, investors can have strategic planning for their investment before the market was open for trade. In addition, the closing price under existing trading system can be manipulated. For example, the price for millions of shares traded during the continuous trading was at RM2.60, but it may be force by some investors to increase it to RM2.90 before the closing time. This action was known as window dressing. In consequences of this window dressing activity, the final price for the day was set at RM2.90 which is higher than the price for traded before closing phase. The Bursa Trade Securities system was used to eliminate the problem occur by the existing trading system. The closing price of shares which was called as Theoretical Closing Price under the Bursa Trade Securities system cannot be manipulated. It is fixed during the pre-closing phase and used as the price of shares to be traded during the trading at last phase. In conclusion, the Bursa Trade Securities system benefits the investors with the prospect of better price options because it provides five best prices for investors, the opening price can be view by the investors before opening phase so that they can plan their investment well and has fixed Theoretical Closing Price which eliminate the window dressing activity. 6.1.1.6 Improvement from the fresh introduce BTS Bursa Malaysia had implemented a new trading system called Bursa Trade Securities system to replace its existing trading system on 1st December 2008. Before the implementation of the new system, Bursa Malaysia had tried to use the Bursa Trade Securities system in the market to test the efficiency of the system. The last familiarity testing of Bursa Trade Securities was held on 15 November 2008. Under the Bursa Trade Securities system, there are two trading session per day at Bursa Malaysia. There are morning trading session and afternoon trading session. Each of the session consist of six phase. The six phases are: Pre-opening The Theoretical Opening Price was calculated in this phase. Investors are allowed to view the opening price during pre-opening phase between 8.30am to 9.00am in the morning trading session and 2.00pm to 2.30pm in the afternoon trading session. Opening The market start to trade based on the Theoretical Opening Price during the opening phase which start at 9.00am in the morning trading session and 2.30pm in the afternoon trading session. Continuous Trading The orders which are keyed in by the investors into the system will be match at the basis of real time in continuous trading phase between 9.00am to 12.15pmin the morning trading session and 2.30pm to 4.45pm in the afternoon trading session. Pre-closing The Theoretical Closing Price was calculated during pre-closing phase which start from 12.15pm to 12.20pm in the morning trading session and 4.45pm to 4.50pm in the afternoon trading session. Closing The Theoretical Closing Price was fixed and to be used as the price of shares during the trading at last phase. Trading at Last The price of shares used during trading at last was same as the closing price which was calculated during the pre-closing phase. The matching of orders was done during this 10 minutes trading at last phase. However, on 26 October, Bursa Malaysia has decided to remove two phases in the morning session. The two phases are pre-closing phase and trading at last phase. In the afternoon trading session, the two phases will still remain. The consequence of this changes is the continuous trading phase will lengthen with 15 minutes more. The motive of Bursa Malaysia to make the changes is to improve the Bursa Trade Securities system. Bursa Malaysia had consulted its market participants before they make this decision. After the improvement of Bursa Trade Securities system was make, the investors can have more opportunities to make trading experience while the price of the share still remain transparency and predictable. 6.1.2 To Markets and Bursa Malaysia 6.1.2.1 Boost in liquidity The Bursa Trade Securities system that has been implementing by Bursa Malaysia on 1st December 2008 has many advantages. The new system not only benefits the investors who trade shares at Bursa Malaysia but also the Bursa Malaysia itself. As we know, one of the functions of this Bursa Trade Securities is to shorter the time for orders to be match. Previously, the existing system takes about 10 seconds to process and match the orders that keyed in by the investors. However, the new Bursa Trade Securities system allowed the investors to match the orders in real time basis. Therefore, investors can save time when trade shares at Bursa Malaysia. For example, the Bursa Trade Securities system now can receive 13,000 orders per second compare with the existing system which can only receive 200 orders per second. Besides that, the Bursa Trade Securities system increases the opportunities for the market users to make trading experience. This is due to some of the new functions of Bursa Trade Securities system which are: Theoretical Closing Price Normally, the Theoretical Closing Price was referring as the share price which will trade during the trading at last. It is calculated during the pre-closing or closing phase. Previously, when Bursa Malaysia was using the existing trading system, the investors can manipulate the share price whether high or low by keyed into the system the buy and sell orders at the time just before the trading was closed by 5pm. This activity called window-dressing. The closing price also called as Theoretical Closing Price was calculated during the pre-closing phase will be fixed during the closing phase under the Bursa Trade Securities system. As a result, market users will get the same price of shares as the closing price during the trading at last phase. Trading At Last There is two trading session per day at Bursa Malaysia, each session has one trading at last phase. Therefore, there will be two trading at last phase at Bursa Malaysia. The trading at last in morning session is start from 12.20pm and end at 12.30pm whereas the trading at last in afternoon session was between 4.50pm to 5.00pm. During this 10 minutes trading at last phase in each session, market users are allow to close their positions. The matching of order will be done at a fixed price of shares which was fixed during the closing phase. Continuous Trading As we know, the matching of order under Bursa Trade Securities system is in real time basis. Continuous trading under Bursa Trade Securities system allow trader to trade and match their orders faster. Five Best Price Limits Compare to the existing trading system which provides only three best prices, Bursa Trade Securities system provided five best prices in ranking. Due to this five best price limits features, the picture of market depth will be more obvious. Odd Lots Settlement The Bursa Trade Securities system allows market users to do partial matching for orders based on price time priority. As a result, the odd lots will become more popular. The new functions of Bursa Trade Securities system have boost the liquidity of markets as market users can trade share more easily and faster. This improvement in the new system has enhanced the popularity of Bursa Malaysia. 6.1.2.2 Aligns with the practice of other major markets On 1st December 2008, Bursa Malaysia was implementing the new trading system to replace its existing trading system. The new trading system was known as Bursa Trade Securities system. Before the implementation of Bursa Trade Securities system, Bursa Malaysia had go through a lot of test to make sure the new system is better than the existing trading system. The last familiarity testing for new trading system was on 15 November 2008. Before the Bursa Malaysia implements the Bursa Trade Securities system, the operation of existing trading system was not as standard as the trading system in other countries such as Singapore, Thailand and Hong Kong. The existing trading system has many weaknesses compare with the Bursa Trade Securities system. One of the problem that exist when using existing trading system was that the price of shares can be manipulate by the investors who purposely keyed into the system the buy and sell orders at the time just before the trading was closed by 5pm. As a result, the price was automatically become the closing price for that day. The present of Bursa Trade Securities system has eliminated the problems which incurred using existing trading system. Another example is the matching time of orders. As we know, under the exiting trading system, the matching time of orders is about 10 seconds. It is because the system can only receive 200 orders per second. In contrast, the Bursa Trade Securities system can receive 13,000 orders per seconds. Therefore, the orders which keyed in by investors can be match at the real time basis. The Bursa Trade Securities system had improve our trading process as it has more functions compare with existing trading system. All those functions have benefits investors, market and also Bursa Malaysia itself. Now, our trading process becomes more standard just like what other market practice. 6.1.2.3 Enhance derivatives trading mechanism After the last familiarity test on 15 November 2008, Bursa Trade Securities system was implemented by Bursa Malaysia on 1st December 2008. Bursa Trade Securities system has many new functions compare with the existing trading system. Therefore, it is used to replace the current system as the new trading system in Bursa Malaysia. in share market, but enhances the derivatives trading mechanism. The way to calculate the Final Settlement Price (FSP) will be change after the introduction of Bursa Trade Securities system. The derivative products which will be affected by the changes in way to calculate the Final Settlement Price (FSP) are KLCI futures and KLCI options. The example of KLCI futures is FKLI whereas the example of KLCI options is OKLI. The new way to calculate the Final Settlement Price (FSP) makes it less sensitive to market operation and softens the price which is not stable. Previously, under the existing trading system, the Final Settlement Price (FSP) was calculated by the mean of the sum of all the index value (exclude the highest and lowest value of the index value) of the underlying KLCI in the last 30 minutes. Nowadays, under the Bursa Trade Securities system, the Final Settlement Price (FSP) was calculated by the mean of the sum of all index value (exclude the three highest and three lowest values) of the underlying KLCI in the last 60 minutes plus the last closing auction value of the underlying KLCI. The table below has list down some of the example of derivatives and its underlying securities. Underlying Securities Derivatives Shares Options/Futures Bonds Futures/Warrants Index Options/Futures Interest rate Futures Exchange rate Futures Commodity Futures In conclusion, the Bursa Trade Securities system has calculate the Final Settlement Price (FSP) more accurately and thus enhance the derivatives trading mechanism.

Preparation of Isopentyl Acetate Free Essays

Results and Discussion Isopentyl propanoate was prepared by refluxing isopentyl alcohol in excess propanoic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. The ester was obtained by distillation in 62% yield, bp 140-150oC (lit. 156 oC [1]). We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation of Isopentyl Acetate or any similar topic only for you Order Now GC analysis of the distillate revealed only traces of the starting alcohol (Figure 1). The ester’s structure was confirmed using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum (Figure 2) shows a strong absorption at 1741 cm-1 consistent with an ester C=O stretching vibration. The NMR spectrum (Figures 3 and 4) contains all of the signals expected for this compound. A triplet at 1. 18 ppm and a quartet at 2. 8 ppm are assigned to the propionyl methyl and methylene groups, respectively. A doublet at 0. 82 ppm is assigned to the two isopentyl methyl groups. A 6 line pattern at 1. 66 ppm is assigned to the methine group (9 lines are expected), and a triplet at 4. 08 and a quartet at 1. 48 ppm are assigned to the OCH2 and CHCH2 methylene groups, respectively. Experimental Preparation of isopentyl propanoate. Isopentyl alcohol (4. 6 mL, 42 mmol), propanoic acid (40 mL, 530 mmol), and concentrated sulfuric acid (1 mL, 18 mmol) were refluxed for 66 minutes. The solution was diluted with water (60 mL) and extracted with ether (60 mL). The ether layer was washed with saturated aq. NaHCO3 (2 x 60 mL), dried with MgSO4, and distilled at atmospheric pressure to give isopentyl propanoate: 3. 8 g (62% from isopentyl alcohol), bp 140-150 oC (lit. 156 oC [1]); IR (ATR) cm-1: 2960 (vs, CH), 1741 (vs, C=O), 1189 (s, C-O); 1H NMR (C6D6, 400 MHz) ? : 0. 92 (d, 6H, J = 6. 8 Hz, CH(CH3)2), 1. 18 (t, 3H, J = 6. 6 Hz, CH2CH3), 1. 48 (q, 2H, J = 6. 6 Hz, CHCH2), 1. 66 (9 lines, 1H, J = 6. 8 Hz, CH), 2. 28 (q, 2H, J = 6. 6 Hz, CH2CO), 4. 08 (t, 2H, J = 6. 8 Hz, OCH2); GC (120 oC, right-hand column): isopentyl propanoate (4. 8 min), isopentyl alcohol (4. 4 min). References 1. Mordechai, U. ed. â€Å"Esther’s Ester Handbook, 11th Ed. â€Å", Fruity Publishing, Boca Raton, 1984. E-factor Insert list and mass of consumed materials, product, and e-yield here. Figures [GC data, IR spectrum, and NMR spectrum; label each one as a numbered figure (see above) and give the figure an appropriate title; see appendix for additional instructions] NMR Exercise Choose one of the molecules listed below. Draw its structure (show all H) and label all protons as A, B, C, †¦ (apply the same label to ‘NMR equivalent’ protons). Examine the online proton NMR spectrum (follow the link; the small upper spectrum is the carbon-13 NMR, ignore it). List all shifts associated with the compound; do not list shifts for solvent, TMS, etc. , and do not list integrals or coupling patterns. Assign each signal to a particular proton. Do this on your own; do not work with others. (If you are having trouble with the assignment and would like some help from others, work on a different spectrum from the one that you turn in). Turn in 1) the compound name provided below, 2) the structural formula and H labels, 3) the list of shifts and assignments (write the label next to its shift). Do not turn in the spectrum How to cite Preparation of Isopentyl Acetate, Papers

Cindy Lew Once Said... free essay sample

Cindy Lew once said â€Å"remember that the greatest gift is not found in a store nor under the tree, but in the heart of a true friend.† Having a friend is similar to receiving a present from this life. Everyone receives one lifetime with a time limit. A friend is one who will go through my life even though I’m dealing with hardship or success. When I pick a person to be my friend, the only thing I care about is his/her personality. All of my friends are really reliable to me and until now, I still believe that I have made a right choice. If you find a friend who has a great sense of humor, when you in struggle in life, you will find out that all you need is a person who you will trust and will listen to you. A true friend is the one who will sit next to you when you get tired and want to rest in silence. We will write a custom essay sample on Cindy Lew Once Said or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like everyone else, I had close friends at school and we studied together all school year. We loved to go to school together and study as a group. Then one summer, my family and I moved to the U.S. actually, at that time I was too young to care about leaving my friends and all of the beautiful memories. When I first I came here, I missed them so dearly that all I wanted was time to go back there for just one hour , only one hour so that I could stay with them. But when I couldn’t change anything in my life, I needed to change my attitude. Three years passed with my hard work at school. Since I needed to learn to handle a new life in the U.S., I became stronger. But I started losing my fun time and instead of hanging out with my friends, I studied and practiced English. Again, the summer came with joy, to hear my dad announce that I could go back to Vietnam . My friends hadnt changed much over a long time, as I met them again after three years. I told them about my life in the U.S. Then we told each other about our lives. One thing that surprised me a lot was that each of them still remembered exactly what we used to do, and especially our secret, the one only four of us knew. Coming back home, I found myself wanting to play hide – and – seek and eat breakfast with my friends. True friends will always be my true friends even though time had passed and there were so many things that I forgot to do with them. These three friends always will be right there waiting for me to come back and watch over me by their heart. Tears came out of our eyes on the day I left. As the airplane was flying, my heart was empty, as if our memories and this happy time would go as my foot stepped into the airport. After coming back to the U.S I realized one thing. It is a miracle that I found these three best friends. Sometimes, distance can not separate true friendship. In your lifetime, people will walk by you, but someone will stop at your heart and they may stay there to warm your heart. like winter in Alaska, and you will still feel warm because you are not alone. But if one d ay these friends leave you, and you have an empty heart, you will still feel warm because there will be a footprint on your heart. As a memory that will stay with you for the rest of your life. We will never say â€Å"good – bye† to each other because those beautiful memories are not in our head, but they live in our heart. Meeting a friend is a destiny. isn’t it?(Delete) Don’t let your chance run away, time wi ll let you see what a true friend is